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“Global Rivals,” a four-part PBS series analyzing the roots and dynamics of the rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States, is so educational you probably ought to get college

credit for watching it. That may hardly sound like a reason to turn away from NBC’s Olympic coverage, but tonight’s opener, “Beyond the Cold War” (10 p.m. on Channel 28), is more like a

great classroom lecture than an hour’s worth of homework. Hosted by Bernard Kalb, who roams Moscow with the eminent Sovietologist Seweryn Bialer, the documentary is laced with familiar

historical Cold War footage and features an all-star lineup of such powerful geopoliticos as Henry Kissinger, Zbigniew Brzezinski and former French President Valery Giscard D’Estaing. They

and several top Soviet officials--several of whom candidly acknowledge the wrecked state of the U.S.S.R.--assess the significance and ramifications of Mikhail Gorbachev’s radical new

policies of _ perestroika _ and _ glasnost._ But also interviewed are ordinary Soviet citizens, from shoppers who complain about being unable to find fresh fish to the manager of the Blue

Bird jazz club, whose cool Western sounds are an example of fresh Soviet freedoms. Yet as the English-speaking manager points out, the government still sets the drink and food prices, staffs

the kitchen and even holds jam sessions to strict timetables. Kalb and Bialer (the series’ editor-in-chief and co-author of the companion book “The Global Rivals”) are fair but pull no

punches and offer none of the usual excuses: The Soviet Union is in desperate shape and Gorbachev knows it. But as Bialer cautions, though the changes under Gorbachev are undeniably real and

enormous compared to five years ago, no one should expect Gorbachev to create a Western democracy or an open, capitalistic society. Based on the first two excellent programs, “Global

Rivals” (co-produced by WNET in New York and Antelope Films of Great Britain) should satisfy anyone looking for an solid course on present and future U.S.-Soviet relations. MORE TO READ