Reader TTS

ABSTRACT The potential for disease-specific targeting and low toxicity profiles have made monoclonal antibodies attractive therapeutic drug candidates. Antibody-mediated target cell killing

is frequently associated with immune effector mechanisms such as antibody-directed cellular cytotoxicity, but they can also be induced by apoptotic processes. Antibody-directed mechanisms,

including antigen crosslinking, activation of death receptors, and blockade of ligand-receptor growth or survival pathways, can elicit the induction of apoptosis in targeted cells. Depending

on their mechanism of action, monoclonal antibodies can induce targeted cell-specific killing alone or can enhance target cell susceptibility to chemo- or radiotherapeutics by effecting the

modulation of antiapoptotic pathways. This review will focus on the mechanisms by which antibodies are capable of eliciting programmed cell death either directly or indirectly within tumor

cells. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution ACCESS OPTIONS Access through your institution Subscribe to

this journal Receive 50 print issues and online access $259.00 per year only $5.18 per issue Learn more Buy this article * Purchase on SpringerLink * Instant access to full article PDF Buy

now Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout ADDITIONAL ACCESS OPTIONS: * Log in * Learn about institutional subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer

support SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS CANCER THERAPY WITH ANTIBODIES Article 13 May 2024 ANTIBODY-BASED CANCER THERAPY Article 04 May 2021 ADVANCES IN ANTIBODY-BASED THERAPY IN

ONCOLOGY Article 20 February 2023 ABBREVIATIONS * ADCC: antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity * CDC: complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity * IAP: inhibitor of apoptosis * RTK:

receptor tyrosine kinase * TNFR: tumor necrosis factor receptor * TRAIL: TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor * EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor * IGF-1R: insulin-like growth

factor-1 receptor * FGFR: fibroblast growth factor receptor * PDGFR: platelet-derived growth factor receptor * VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor * PI3K: phosphoinositol 3-kinase *

PLC_γ_: phospholipase C gamma * MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase * TGF-_α_: transforming growth factor-_α_ * IR: ionizing radiation * SCCHN: squamous cell carcinoma of the head and

neck * DNA-PK: DNA-dependent protein kinase * JNK: c-jun N-terminal protein kinase * NHL: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma * AML: acute myelogenous leukemia * CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukemia *

ADEPT: antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy REFERENCES * Alimandi M, Romano A, Curia MC, Muraro R, Fedi P, Aaronson SA, Di Fiore PP and Kraus MH . (1995). _Oncogene_, 10, 1813–1821. *

Arteaga CL . (2002). _Oncologist_, 7S4, 31–39. * Ashkenazi A and Dixit VM . (1998). _Science_, 281, 1305–1308. * Baek JH, Jang JE, Kang CM, Chung HY, Kim ND and Kim KW . (2000). _Oncogene_,

19, 4621–4631. * Baetu TM and Hiscott J . (2002). _Cytokine Growth Factor Rev._, 13, 199–207. * Bagshawe KD and Begent RHJ . (1996). _Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev._, 22, 365–367. * Bandyopadhyay D,

Mandal M, Adam L, Mendelsohn J and Kumar R . (1998). _J. Biol. Chem._, 273, 1568–1573. * Baselga J . (2002). _Oncologist_, 7S4, 2–8. * Baselga J, Norton L, Masui H, Pandiella A, Coplan K,

Miller Jr WH and Mendelsohn J . (1993). _J. Natl. Cancer Inst._, 85, 1327–1333. * Benini S, Manara MC, Baldini N, Cerisano V, Massimo Serra, Mercuri M, Lollini PL, Nanni P, Picci P and

Scotlandi K . (2001). _Clin. Cancer Res._, 7, 1790–1797. * Bianco C, Bianco R, Tortora G, Damiano V, Guerrieri P, Montemaggi P, Mendelsohn J, De Placido S, Bianco AR and Ciardiello F .

(2000). _Clin. Cancer Res._, 6, 4343–4350. * Boulianne GL, Hozumi N and Shulman MJ . (1984). _Nature_, 312, 643–646. * Bruns CJ, Liu W, Davis DW, Shaheen RM, McConkey DJ, Wilson MR, Bucana

CD, Hicklin DJ and Ellis LM . (2000). _Cancer_, 89, 488–499. * Bruns CJ, Shrader M, Harbison MT, Portera C, Solorzano CC, Jauch KW, Hicklin DJ, Radinsky R and Ellis LM . (2002). _Int. J.

Cancer_, 102, 101–108. * Burgering BM and Coffer PJ . (1995). _Nature_, 376, 599–602. * Byrd JC, Kitada S, Flinn IW, Aron JL, Pearson M, Lucas D and Reed JC . (2002). _Blood_, 99, 1038–1043.

* Cantley LC . (2002). _Science_, 296, 1655–1657. * Cardarelli PM, Quinn M, Buckman D, Fang Y, Colcher D, King DJ, Bebbington C and Yarranton G . (2002). _Cancer Immunol. Immunother._, 51,

15–24. * Carmeliet P and Jain RK . (2000). _Nature_, 407, 249–257. * Carter P . (2001). _Nat. Rev: Cancer_, 1, 118–129. * Carter P, Presta L, Gorman CM, Ridgway JB, Henner D, Wong WL,

Rowland AM, Kotts C, Carver ME and Shepard HM . (1992). _Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA_, 89, 4285–4289. * Ciardiello F, Bianco R, Damiano V, De Lorenzo S, Pepe S, De Placido S, Fan Z,

Mendelsohn J, Bianco AR and Tortora G . (1999). _Clin. Cancer Res._, 5, 909–916. * Clynes RA, Towers TL, Presta LG and Ravetch JV . (2000). _Nat. Med._, 6, 443–446. * Danielsen AJ and Maihle

NJ . (2002). _Growth Factors_, 20, 1–15. * Datta SR, Brunet A and Greenberg ME . (1999). _Genes Dev._, 13, 2905–2927. * Deardon C . (2002). _Biodrugs_, 16, 283–301. * de Bono JS and

Rowinsky EK . (2002). _Trends Mol. Med._, 8S4, S19–S26. * de Haard HJ, van Neer N, Reurs A, Hufton SE, Roovers RC, Henderikx P, de Bruine AP, Arends JW and Hoogenboom HR . (1999). _J. Biol.

Chem._, 274, 18218–18230. * De Vries C, Escobedo JA, Ueno H, Houck K, Ferrara N and Williams LT . (1992). _Science_, 255, 989–991. * Dias S, Hattori K, Heissig B, Zhu Z, Wu Y, Witte L,

Hicklin DJ, Tateno M, Bohlen P, Moore MA and Rafii S . (2001). _Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA_, 98, 10857–10862. * Dias S, Hattori K, Zhu Z, Heissig B, Choy M, Lane W, Wu Y, Chadburn A, Hyjek

E, Gill M, Hicklin DJ, Witte L, Moore MA and Rafii S . (2000). _J. Clin. Invest._, 106, 511–521. * Dougall WC, Qian X, Peterson NC, Miller MJ, Samanta A and Greene MI . (1994). _Oncogene_,

9, 2109–2123. * Ekedahl J, Joseph B, Grigoriev MY, Muller M, Magnusson C, Lewensohn R and Zhivotovsky B . (2002). _Exp. Cell Res._, 279, 277–290. * Ferrara N . (1995). _Breast Cancer Res.

Treat._, 36, 127–137. * Findley HW and Zhou M . (1999). _Leukemia_, 13, 147–149. * Fischer-Colbrie J, Witt A, Heinzl H, Speiser P, Czerwenka K, Sevelda P and Zeillinger R . (1997).

_Anticancer Res._, 17, 613–619. * Folkman J . (1991). _J. Natl. Cancer Inst._, 82, 4–6. * Folkman J . (1995). _Nat. Med._, 1, 27–31. * Gerber HP, Dixit V and Ferrara N . (1998a). _J. Biol.

Chem._, 273, 13313–13316. * Gerber HP, McMurtrey A, Kowalski J, Yan M, Keyt BA, Dixit V and Ferrara N . (1998b). _J. Biol. Chem._, 273, 30336–30343. * Ghetie MA, Bright H and Vitetta ES .

(2001). _Blood_, 97, 1392–1398. * Gille H, Kowaski J, Li B, Lecouter J, Moffat B, Zioncheck TF, Pelletier N and Ferrara N . (2001). _J. Biol. Chem._, 276, 3222–3230. * Glennie MJ and Johnson

PW . (2001). _Immunol. Today_, 21, 403–410. * Gupta VK, Jaskowiak NT, Beckett MA, Mauceri HJ, Grunstein J, Johnson RS, Calvin DA, Nodzenski E, Pejovic M, Kufe DW, Posner MC and Weichselbaum

RR . (2002). _Cancer J._, 8, 47–54. * Harmey JH and Bouchier-Hayes D . (2002). _BioEssays_, 24, 280–283. * Hengartner MO . (2000). _Nature_, 407, 770–776. * Hoogenboom HR and Chames P .

(2000). _Immunol. Today_, 21, 371–378. * Hu L, Hofmann J, Zaloudek C, Ferrara N, Hamilton T and Jaffe RB . (2002). _Am. J. Pathol._, 161, 1917–1924. * Huang SM, Bock JM and Harari PM .

(1999). _Cancer Res._, 59, 1935–1940. * Huang SM and Harari PM . (1999). _Invest. New Drugs_, 17, 259–269. * Huang SM and Harari PM . (2000). _Clin. Cancer Res._, 6, 2166–2174. * Ichikawa K,

Liu W, Zhao L, Wang Z, Liu D, Ohtsuka T, Zhang H, Mountz JD, Koopman WJ, Kimberly RP and Zhou T . (2001). _Nat. Med._, 7, 954–960. * Igney FH and Krammer PH . (2002). _Nat. Rev. Cancer_, 2,

277–288. * Inoue K, Slaton JW, Davis DW, Hicklin DJ, McConkey DJ, Karashima T, Radinsky R and Dinney CP . (2001). _Clin. Cancer Res._, 6, 2635–2643. * Irmler M, Thome M, Hahne M, Schneider

P, Hofmann K, Steiner V, Bodmer JL, Schroter M, Burns K, Mattmann C, Rimoldi D, French LE and Tschopp J . (1997). _Nature_, 388, 190–195. * Jain RK . (2002). _Semin. Oncol._, 29, 3–9. *

Jones PT, Dear PH, Foote J, Neuberger MS and Winter G . (1986). _Nature_, 321, 522–525. * Kandasamy K and Srivastava RK . (2002). _Cancer Res._, 62, 4929–4937. * Kennedy SG, Wagner AJ,

Conzen SD, Jordan J, Bellacosa A, Tsichlis PN and Hay N . (1997). _Genes Dev._, 11, 701–713. * Keppler-Hafkemeyer A, Kreitman RJ and Pastan I . (2000). _Int. J. Cancer_, 87, 86–94. * Kim ES,

Khuri FR and Herbst RS . (2001). _Curr. Opin. Oncol._, 13, 506–513. * Kim J, Li B, Winer J, Armanini M, Gillett N, Phillip HS and Ferrara N . (1993). _Nature_, 362, 841–844. * Knappik A, Ge

L, Honegger A, Pack P, Fischer M, Wellnhofer G, Hoess A, Wolle J, Pluckthun A and Virnekas B . (2000). _J. Mol. Biol._, 296, 57–86. * Kozin SV, Boucher Y, Hicklin DJ, Bohlen P, Jain RK and

Suit HD . (2001). _Cancer Res._, 61, 39–44. * Kreitman RJ . (2001). _Curr. Pharmacol. Biotechnol._, 2, 313–325. * Kreitman RJ, Wilson WH, Robbins D, Margulies I, Stetler-Stevenson M,

Waldmann TA and Pastan I . (1999). _Blood_, 94, 3340–3348. * Kreitman RJ, Wilson WH, White JD, Stetler-Stevenson M, Jaffe ES, Giardina S, Waldmann TA and Pastan I . (2000). _J. Clin.

Oncol._, 18, 1622–1636. * Lee S, Yang W, Lan KH, Sellappan S, Klos K, Hortobagyi G, Hung MC and Yu D . (2002). _Cancer Res._, 62, 5703–5710. * Li B, Fuh G, Meng G, Xin X, Gerritsen ME,

Cunningham B and De Vos AM . (2000). _J. Biol. Chem._, 275, 29823–29828. * Liu B and Fan Z . (2001). _Oncogene_, 20, 3726–3734. * Liu B, Fang M, Schmidt M, Lu Y, Mendelsohn J and Fan Z .

(2000). _Br. J. Cancer_, 82, 1991–1999. * Mallat Z and Tedgui Z . (2000). _Br. J. Pharmacol._, 130, 947–962. * Maloney DG . (2001). _Anticancer Drugs_, 12S2, S1–S4. * Mandal M, Adam L,

Mendelsohn J and Kumar R . (1998). _Oncogene_, 27, 999–1007. * Maung ZT, MacLean FR, Reid MM, Pearson AD, Proctor SJ, Hamilton PJ and Hall AG . (1994). _Br. J. Haematol._, 88, 105–109. *

Mendelsohn J . (1990). _Semin. Cancer Biol._, 1, 339–344. * Mendelsohn J . (1997). _Clin. Cancer Res._, 3, 2703–2707. * Mendelsohn J . (2000). _Clin. Cancer Res._, 6, 747–753. * Mendez MJ,

Green LL, Corvalan JR, Jia XC, Maynard-Currie CE, Yang XD, Gallo ML, Louie DM, Lee DV, Erickson KL, Luna J, Roy CM, Abderrahim H, Kirschenbaum F, Noguchi M, Smith DH, Fukushima A, Hales JF,

Klapholz S, Finer MH, Davis CG, Zsebo KM and Jakobovits A . (1997). _Nat. Genet._, 15, 146–156. * Mesri M, Morales-Ruiz M, Ackermann EJ, Bennett CF, Pober JS, Sessa WC and Altieri DC .

(2001). _Am. J. Pathol._, 158, 1757–1765. * Milas L, Mason K, Hunter N, Petersen S, Yamakawa M, Ang K, Mendelsohn J and Fan Z . (2000). _Clin. Cancer Res._, 6, 701–708. * Millauer B,

Wizigmann-Voos S, Schnurch H, Martinez R, Moller NPH, Risau W and Ullrich A . (1993). _Cell_, 72, 835–846. * Miyashita T and Reed JC . (1993). _Blood_, 81, 151–157. * Monks NR, Blakey DC,

Curtin NJ, East SJ, Heuze A and Newell DR . (2001). _Br. J. Cancer_, 85, 764–771. * Morrison SL, Johnson MJ, Herzenberg LA and Oi VT . (1984). _Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA_, 81, 6851–6855. *

Nagata S . (1997). _Cell_, 88, 355–365. * Nagata S and Golstein P . (1995). _Science_, 267, 1449–1456. * Napier MP, Sharma SK, Springer CJ, Bagshawe KD, Green AJ, Martin J, Stribbling SM,

Cushen N, O'Malley D and Begent RH . (2000). _Clin. Cancer Res._, 6, 765–772. * Nicholson S, Sainsbury JR, Halcrow P, Chambers P, Farndon JR and Harris AL . (1989). _Lancet_, 1,

182–185. * Nor JE, Christensen J, Liu J, Peters M, Mooney DJ, Strieter RM and Polverini PJ . (2001). _Cancer Res._, 61, 2183–2188. * O'Connor DS, Schechner JS, Adida C, Mesri M,

Rothermel AL, Li F, Nath AK, Pober JS and Altieri DC . (2000). _Am. J. Pathol._, 156, 393–398. * Ogasawara J, Watanabe-Fukunaga R, Adachi M, Matsuzawa A, Kasugai T, Kitamura Y, Itoh N, Suda

T and Nagata S . (1993). _Nature_, 364, 806–809. * Ohtsuka T and Zhou T . (2002). _J. Biol. Chem._, 277, 29294–29303. * Ong SH, Hadari YR, Gotoh N, Guy GR, Schlessinger J and Lax I . (2001).

_Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA_, 98, 6074–6079. * Overholser JP, Prewett MC, Hooper AT, Waksal HW and Hicklin DJ . (2000). _Cancer_, 89, 74–82. * Pan G, Ni J, Wei YF, Yu G, Gentz R and Dixit

VM . (1997). _Science_, 277, 815–818. * Pan G, Ni J, Yu G, Wei YF and Dixit VM . (1998). _FEBS Lett._, 424, 41–45. * Parrizas M, Saltiel AR and LeRoith D . (1997). _J. Biol. Chem._, 272,

154–161. * Pegram M, Hsu S, Lewis G, Pietras R, Beryt M, Sliwkowski M, Coombs D, Baly D, Kabbinavar F and Slamon D . (1999). _Oncogene_, 18, 2241–2251. * Peltenburg LT . (2000). _Q. J. Nucl.

Med._, 44, 355–364. * Penuel E, Schaefer G, Akita RW and Sliwkowski MX . (2001). _Semin. Oncol._, 28, 36–42. * Pietras RJ, Poen JC, Gallardo D, Wongvipat PN, Lee HJ and Slamon DJ . (1999).

_Cancer Res._, 59, 1347–1355. * Pollak M . (2000). _Eur. J. Cancer_, 36, 1224–1228. * Posey J, Yang B, Khazaeli M, Fox F, Engel J, Needle M and Wasksal H . (2002). _Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol_,

(Proceedings of the 38th Annual meeting) 21, 17a (Abstract 63). * Press OW, Eary JF, Gooley T, Gopal AK, Liu S, Rajendran JG, Maloney DG, Petersdorf S, Bush SA, Durack LD, Martin PJ, Fisher

DR, Wood B, Borrow JW, Porter B, Smith JP, Mathews DC, Appelbaum FR and Bernstein ID . (2000). _Blood_, 96, 2934–2942. * Presta LG . (2002). _Curr. Pharmacol. Biotechnol._, 3, 237–256. *

Prewett M, Huber J, Li Y, Santiago A, O'Connor W, King K, Overholser J, Hooper A, Pytowski B, Witte L, Bohlen P and Hicklin DJ . (1999). _Cancer Res._, 59, 5209–5218. * Reed JC .

(2002). _Nat. Rev. Drug Discov._, 1, 111–121. * Rosen LS . (2002). _Cancer Control_, 9, 36–44. * Rowan W, Tite J, Topley P and Brett SJ . (1998). _Immunology_, 95, 427–436. * Sasaki M,

Kumazaki T, Tanimoto K and Nishiyama M . (2003). _Int. J. Oncol._, 22, 181–186. * Sato JD, Kawamoto T, Le AD, Mendelsohn J, Polikoff J and Sato GH . (1983). _Mol. Biol. Med._, 1, 511–529. *

Scaffidi C, Schmitz I, Zha J, Korsmeyer SJ, Krammer PH and Peter ME . (1998). _J. Biol. Chem._, 274, 22532–22538. * Schier R, McCall A, Adams GP, Marshall KW, Merritt H, Yim M, Crawford RS,

Weiner LM, Marks C and Marks JD . (1996). _J. Mol. Biol._, 263, 551–567. * Senter PD and Springer CJ . (2001). _Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev._, 53, 247–264. * Shaheen RM, Tseng WW, Vellagas R, Liu

W, Ahmad SA, Jung YD, Reinmuth N, Drazan KE, Bucana CD, Hicklin DJ and Ellis LM . (2001). _Int. J. Oncol._, 18, 221–226. * Shan D, Ledbetter JA and Press OW . (2000). _Cancer Immunol.

Immunother._, 48, 673–683. * Sheridan MT, O'Dwyer T, Seymour CB and Mothersill CE . (1997). _Radiat. Oncol. Invest._, 5, 180–186. * Shibuya M, Yamaguchi S, Yamane A, Ikeda T, Tojo A,

Matsushime H and Sato M . (1990). _Oncogene_, 5, 519–524. * Sievers EL . (2000). _Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol._, 46, 18–22. * Sievers EL, Appelbaum FR, Spielberger RT, Forman SJ, Flowers D,

Smith FO, Shannon-Dorcy K, Berger MS and Bernstein ID . (1999). _Blood_, 93, 3678–3684. * Slamon DJ, Clark GM, Wong SG, Levin WJ, Ullrich A and McGuire WL . (1987). _Science_, 235, 177–182.

* Slamon DJ, Leyland-Jones B, Shak S, Fuchs H, Paton V, Bajamonde A, Fleming T, Eiermann W, Wolter J, Pegram M, Baselga J and Norton L . (2001). _N. Engl. J. Med._, 344, 783–792. * Soffer

SZ, Moore JT, Kim E, Huang J, Yokoi A, Manley C, O'Toole K, Stolar C, Middlesworth W, Yamashiro DJ and Kandel JJ . (2001). _J. Pediatr. Surg._, 36, 1177–1181. * Tedder TF and Engel P .

(1994). _Immunol. Today_, 15, 450–454. * Terman BI, Dougher-Vermazen M, Carrion ME, Dimtrov D, Armellino DC, Gospodarowicz D and Bohlen P . (1992). _Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun._, 187,

1579–1586. * Tortora G, Caputo R, Pomatico G, Pepe S, Bianco AR, Agrawal S, Mendelsohn J and Ciardiello F . (1999). _Clin. Cancer Res._, 5, 875–881. * Tran J, Rak J, Sheehan C, Saibil SD,

LaCasse E, Korneluk RG and Kerbel RS . (1999). _Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun._, 264, 781–788. * Trauth BC, Klas C, Peters AM, Matzku S, Moller P, Falk W, Debatin KM and Krammer PH . (1989).

_Science_, 245, 301–305. * van der Kolk LE, Evers LM, Omene C, Lens SM, Lederman S, van Lier RA, van Oers MH and Eldering E . (2002). _Leukemia_, 16, 1735–1744. * Vaughan TJ, Osbourn JK and

Tempest PR . (1998). _Nat. Biotechnol._, 16, 535–539. * Volm M, Efferth T and Mattern J . (1992). _Anticancer Res._, 12, 11–20. * Waltenberger J, Claesson-Welsh L, Siegbahn A, Shibuya M and

Heldin CH . (1994). _J. Biol. Chem._, 269, 26988–26995. * Ward ES and Ghetie V . (1995). _Ther. Immunol._, 2, 77–94. * Winter G and Milstein C . (1991). _Nature_, 349, 293–299. * Witte L,

Hicklin DJ, Zhu Z, Pytowski B, Kotanides H, Rockwell P and Bohlen P . (1998). _Cancer Metast. Rev._, 17, 155–161. * Witzig TE, Gordon LI, Cabanillas F, Czuczman MS, Emmanouilides C, Joyce R,

Pohlman BL, Bartlett NL, Wiseman GA, Padre N, Grillo-Lopez AJ, Multani P and White CA . (2002). _J. Clin. Oncol._, 20, 2453–2463. * Witzig TE, White CA, Wiseman GA, Gordon LI, Emmanouilides

C, Raubitschek A, Janakiraman N, Gutheil J, Schilder RJ, Spies S, Silverman DH, Parker E and Grillo-Lopez AJ . (1999). _J. Clin. Oncol._, 17, 3793–3803. * Wu X, Fan Z, Masui H, Rosen N and

Mendelsohn J . (1995). _J. Clin. Invest._, 95, 1897–1905. * Yakes FM, Chinratanalab W, Ritter CA, King W, Seelig S and Arteaga CL . (2002). _Cancer Res._, 62, 4132–4141. * Yarnold S and Fell

HP . (1994). _Cancer Res._, 54, 506–512. * Zhang L, Yu D, Hicklin DJ, Hannay JAF, Ellis LM and Pollock RE . (2002). _Cancer Res._, 62, 2034–2042. * Zhu Z, Bohlen P and Witte L . (2002).

_Curr. Cancer Drug Targets_, 2, 135–156. Download references AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * ImClone Systems Incorporated, 180 Varick Street, New York, 10014, NY, USA Dale L

Ludwig, Daniel S Pereira, Zhenping Zhu, Daniel J Hicklin & Peter Bohlen Authors * Dale L Ludwig View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar *

Daniel S Pereira View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Zhenping Zhu View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed 

Google Scholar * Daniel J Hicklin View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Peter Bohlen View author publications You can also search for this

author inPubMed Google Scholar CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to Dale L Ludwig. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Ludwig, D., Pereira,

D., Zhu, Z. _et al._ Monoclonal antibody therapeutics and apoptosis. _Oncogene_ 22, 9097–9106 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1207104 Download citation * Published: 08 December 2003

* Issue Date: 08 December 2003 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1207104 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Get shareable link

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Copy to clipboard Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative KEYWORDS * cancer * receptor

tyrosine kinase * anti-angiogenesis * TRAIL * immunoglobulin * ErbB