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ABSTRACT MALEIC hydrazide, l,2-dihydropyridazine-3,6-dione, was synthesized in 1947 (ref. 1) and has since become an important herbicide with uses including inhibition of sprouting in

vegetables and stored root crops, prevention of sucker production in tobacco plants and growth control of grass, and foliage2, Maleic hydrazide is claimed to be selectively toxic to plants

but not to bacteria, fungi, rodents or dogs3; it is, however, mutagenic to _Drosophila melanogaster_4 and _Bacillus megatherium_5, it reduces the fertility of pea aphids6, and produces

cytotoxicity, mitotic inhibition and unbalanced growth in cultured mammalian cells7. The finding that maleic hydrazide induced breakage of heterochromatin besides mitotio inhibition in

_Vicia faba_8 prompted this warning: “Since nearly all chromosome-breaking agents have so far proved to be cancer-producing as well, we must hope that the agricultural use of this new agent

will not be encouraged before suitable tests are made.” Later tests claimed to show that maleic hydrazide is non-carcinogenic9. This conclusion seems at variance with the data on which it

was based; for example, after weekly injections of 5 mg of maleic hydrazide as the diethanolamine salt during 14 months, an “unusually high” incidence of local sarcomas, in three out of

fifty-two rats at risk with none in controls, was noted9. In other experiments, a total of 260 mg of maleic hydrazide7 in arachis oil was injected subcutaneously during 65 weeks, and three

local sarcomas, one with a hepatoma, developed in three of six rats; it was concluded that the herbicide was clearly carcinogenic10. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is

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REFERENCES * Schoene, D. L., and Hoffman, O. L., _Science_, 109, 588 (1949). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Zukel, J. W., _A Literature Summary on Maleic Hydrazide_ (US Rubber Company,

Naugatuck, Conn., 1949–57 and 1957–63). Google Scholar  * Crafts, A. S., _The Chemistry and Mode of Action of Herbicides_, 186 (Wiley, Interscience, New York, 1961). Google Scholar  *

Nasrat, G. E., _Nature_, 207, 439 (1965). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Northrop, J. H., _J. Gen. Physiol_, 46, 971 (1963). Article  CAS  Google Scholar  * Robinson, A. G., _Canad.

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Schmidt, L. H., and Skipper, H. E., _Cancer Chemother. Rep._, 50, 219 (1966). Google Scholar  * _Federal Register_, 25, 2076 (1960). * Severi, L., and Biancifori, C., _Growth_, 30, 367

(1966). CAS  Google Scholar  * Povolotskava, K. L., _Izvest. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. Biol. Ser._, 2, 250 (1961). Google Scholar  * Evans, H. J., and Scott, D., _Genetics_, 49, 17 (1964). CAS 

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  Download references AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Laboratories of Carcinogenesis and Histology, Childrens Cancer Research Foundation,

Inc., SAMUEL S. EPSTEIN, J. ANDREA, H. JAFFE, S. JOSHI, H. FALK & N. MANTEL * Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts SAMUEL S. EPSTEIN, J. ANDREA, H.

JAFFE, S. JOSHI, H. FALK & N. MANTEL * National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland SAMUEL S. EPSTEIN, J. ANDREA, H. JAFFE, S. JOSHI, H. FALK & N. MANTEL Authors * SAMUEL S. EPSTEIN

View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * J. ANDREA View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * H.

JAFFE View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * S. JOSHI View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar *

H. FALK View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * N. MANTEL View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE EPSTEIN, S., ANDREA, J., JAFFE, H. _et al._ Carcinogenicity of the Herbicide Maleic Hydrazide. _Nature_

215, 1388–1390 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1038/2151388a0 Download citation * Received: 28 June 1967 * Revised: 07 August 1967 * Issue Date: 23 September 1967 * DOI:

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