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ABSTRACT The transformation of Wistar rat embryo cells _in vitro_ has been studied in passaged cultures using two criteria for transformation: (1) the ability of cells to form colonies in

soft agar and (2) the ability of cells to form tumours in young syngeneic animals. In general there was good correlation between the two criteria. Spontaneous transformation was observed in

all untreated cultures by 44 weeks although, by not allowing the cells to become confluent, the tendency was for cultures to transform earlier (i.e. 15-21 weeks). It was noticeable that

despite untreated cultures having been _in vitro_ for different lengths of time, most cultures transformed after a similar number of passages (42-50). Treatment of the embryo cells with the

alkylating agent nitrosomethylurea (NMU) or benzo(alpha)pyrene (BP) sometimes resulted in transformation after a shorter period _in vitro_ than the controls (minimum 12 weeks) although some

treated cultures took longer. Transformed cells produced transplantable fibrosarcomata in syngeneic hosts and those arising from NMU transformed cells were histologically different from

those arising from spontaneously transformed cells. The significant of spontaneous transformation in _in vitro_ rat cell transformation systems is discussed. Access through your institution

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OTHERS HUMAN CELL TRANSFORMATION BY COMBINED LINEAGE CONVERSION AND ONCOGENE EXPRESSION Article Open access 23 July 2021 RESTRICTING EPIGENETIC ACTIVITY PROMOTES THE REPROGRAMMING OF

TRANSFORMED CELLS TO PLURIPOTENCY IN A LINE-SPECIFIC MANNER Article Open access 14 July 2023 ABOUT 4-DAY RHYTHM OF PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF FIBROBLAST-LIKE CELL CULTURES ISN’T ENDOGENOUS

AND DON’T DEPEND FROM THE VARIATIONS OF EARTH’S MAGNETIC FIELD Article Open access 03 May 2022 Authors * D J Kirkland View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed 

Google Scholar * C Armstrong View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * R J Harris View author publications You can also search for this author

inPubMed Google Scholar RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Kirkland, D., Armstrong, C. & Harris, R. Spontaneous and chemically induced

transformation of rat embryo cell cultures. _Br J Cancer_ 31, 329–337 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1975.67 Download citation * Issue Date: 01 March 1975 * DOI:

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