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ABSTRACT Salicylic acid (SA), produced by plants as a signal in defense against pathogens, induces metabolic heating mediated by alternative respiration in flowers of thermogenic plants,

and, when exogenously applied, increases leaf temperature in nonthermogenic plants. We have postulated that the latter phenomenon would be detectable when SA is synthesized locally in plant

leaves. Here, resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was monitored thermographically before any disease symptoms became visible on tobacco leaves. Spots of elevated temperature that were

confined to the place of infection increased in intensity from 8 h before the onset of visible cell death, and remained detectable as a halo around the ongoing necrosis. Salicylic acid

accumulates during the prenecrotic phase in TMV-infected tobacco and is known to induce stomatal closure in certain species. We show that the time course of SA accumulation correlates with

the evolution of both localized thermal effect and stomatal closure. Since the contribution of leaf respiration is marginal, we concluded that the thermal effect results predominantly from

localized, SA-induced stomatal closure. The presymptomatic temperature increase could be of general significance in incompatible plant–pathogen interactions. Access through your institution

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OTHERS INTERPLAY BETWEEN DROUGHT AND PLANT VIRUSES CO-INFECTING MELON PLANTS Article Open access 09 July 2024 LIGHT PREVENTS PATHOGEN-INDUCED AQUEOUS MICROENVIRONMENTS VIA POTENTIATION OF

SALICYLIC ACID SIGNALING Article Open access 09 February 2023 NEW EARLY PHENOTYPIC MARKERS FOR CUCUMBER GREEN MOTTLE MOSAIC VIRUS DISEASE IN CUCUMBERS EXPOSED TO FLUCTUATING EXTREME

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank T.J. Pons and R. Welschen (Department of Plant Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands) for advice on energy-budget calculations

and steady state porometry and for help with respiratory and steady state porometrical measurements, respectively; O. Thas (Biomath Department, University of Gent, Belgium) for the

statistical analysis with SAS; R. Samson (Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, University of Gent) for advice on diffusion porometrical measurements; J. Ryals (Novartis,

Research Triangle Park, NC, USA) for providing the tobacco line NahG-10; and M. De Cock for lay-out. This research was supported by grants from the Fund for Scientific Research (Flanders)

(G.0023.95N and 1.5.514.98). L.C. was a Research Assistant and D.V.D.S. is a Research Associate of the Fund for Scientific Research (Flanders). AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS *

Laboratorium voor Genetica, Departement Plantengenetica, Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Universiteit Gent , K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Gent, B-9000, Belgium Laury

Chaerle, Wim Van Caeneghem, Eric Messens, Marc Van Montagu & Dominique Van Der Straeten * Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Nedland, 6907, WA,

Australia Hans Lambers * Department of Plant Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Utrecht University, Utrecht, NL-3584, CA, The Netherlands Hans Lambers Authors * Laury Chaerle View author

publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Wim Van Caeneghem View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Eric

Messens View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Hans Lambers View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google

Scholar * Marc Van Montagu View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Dominique Van Der Straeten View author publications You can also search for

this author inPubMed Google Scholar CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to Dominique Van Der Straeten. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE

Chaerle, L., Caeneghem, W., Messens, E. _et al._ Presymptomatic visualization of plant–virus interactions by thermography . _Nat Biotechnol_ 17, 813–816 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1038/11765

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