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ABSTRACT Dendritic recordings in freely moving animals present great challenges using the current approaches. Here we present in detail a microendoscopic technique (the 'periscope'

method) for measuring intracellular calcium activity directly from the apical dendrites of L5 pyramidal neurons from the pia down to depths of ∼700 μm in anesthetized and freely moving

rats. This method gives high signal-to-noise dendritic fluorescence responses to sensory stimuli, and has been proven to be inexpensive, straightforward and reliable, allowing essentially

unrestricted behavior. We describe refinements and practical optimizations of procedures aimed at achieving dendritic Ca2+ imaging in freely moving animals. The periscope imaging technique

presented here is also ideal for combining with other _in vivo_ recording techniques. The protocol, from the beginning of anesthesia to starting dendritic imaging, can be completed in 5 h.

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support SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS TWO-PHOTON CALCIUM IMAGING OF NEURONAL ACTIVITY Article 01 September 2022 FIBER PHOTOMETRY IN STRIATUM REFLECTS PRIMARILY NONSOMATIC CHANGES IN

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(2001). Article  CAS  Google Scholar  Download references ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank H.-R. Lüscher and J.J. Letzkus for their helpful comments on the manuscript, and D. Limoges and J.

Burkhalter for their expert technical support. This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant Nr. PP00A-102721/1) and SystemsX.ch (NEUROCHOICE). AUTHOR INFORMATION

AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Physiologisches Institut, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland Masanori Murayama & Matthew E Larkum Authors * Masanori Murayama View author publications You can

also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Matthew E Larkum View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CORRESPONDING AUTHOR

Correspondence to Matthew E Larkum. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Murayama, M., Larkum, M. _In vivo_ dendritic calcium imaging with a

fiberoptic periscope system. _Nat Protoc_ 4, 1551–1559 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2009.142 Download citation * Published: 01 October 2009 * Issue Date: October 2009 * DOI:

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