Functional antagonism and human brain evolution
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human-specific duplication of SRGAP2 antagonizes the ancestral gene function
Both studies examined the SLIT–ROBO Rho GTPase-activating protein 2 (SRGAP2) gene, which is involved in cortical development and has been highly conserved over mammalian evolution. Using
fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and high-coverage sequencing, Dennis and colleagues confirmed that SRGAP2 has been partially duplicated three times in the human lineage. The
ancestral form of the gene, SRGAP2A, was first duplicated approximately 3.4 million years ago (giving rise to SRGAP2B), and this was then followed by two later duplications (giving rise to
SRGAP2C and SRGAP2D) approximately 2.4 million and 1 million years ago.
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