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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Maternal BMI, lipid levels (cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL), and exercise amount are interrelated and each influence offspring body size. This study proposed to

determine the influence of exercise on maternal lipid levels and infant body size. METHODS We had 36 participants complete these measures. Participants in the aerobic exercise intervention

(_n_ = 14) completed three 50-min sessions weekly from 16 weeks gestation to delivery and were compared with a non-exercise control group (_n_ = 22). Maternal lipid profiles were assessed at

16 and at 36 weeks gestation. Fetal body size was measured at 36 weeks gestational age using ultrasound assessment. Neonatal body size measures were acquired from birth records. Statistical

analysis included two-sample _t_-tests, correlations, and regression models. RESULTS Participants were similar in age, pre-pregnancy BMI, gravida, parity, education, and gestational weight

gain (GWG). There were no differences in gestational age, Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min for infants of exercisers relative to controls. Exercisers had higher pre-training triglycerides (_p_ = 

0.004) and pregnancy change in triglycerides (_p_ = 0.049) compared to controls. Head circumference was significantly larger in exercise exposed infants relative to infants of controls.

Pregnancy METs had a positive relationship with birth length (_r_ = .445, _p_ = .006) and birth weight (_r_ = .391, _p_ = .02). GWG had a moderate, positive relationship with fetal abdominal

circumference (_r_ = .570, _p_ = .004). Regression analysis indicated 5 predictors explained 61.7% of the variance in birth weight (Adj._R_2 = 0.469, _F_(5,13) = 5,13, _p_ = 0.02); it was

found that pregnancy METs (_β_ = .724, _p_ = .007), 36 week cholesterol (_β_ = 1.066, _p_ = .02), and 36 week LDL (_β_ = −1.267, _p_ = .006) significantly predict birth weight. Regression

analysis indicated 4 predictors explained 43.8% of the variance in birth length (Adj._R_2 = 0.306, _F_(4,17) = 3.32, _p_ = 0.04); it was found that pregnancy METs (_β_ = .530, _p_ = .03),

and 36 week LDL (_β_ = −.891, p = .049) significantly predict birth length. CONCLUSION The primary association and predictors of infant body size was related to pregnancy exercise and late

pregnancy cholesterol and LDL levels. Considering these relationships, it is essential that women maintain aerobic exercise during pregnancy, but should also be cognizant of lipid levels

during their pregnancy. Therefore intervention during pregnancy focused on infant body size should involve exercise and and quality nutritional intake foods during pregnancy. Access through

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CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS INFLUENCE OF PRENATAL EXERCISE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATERNAL OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AND SELECT DELIVERY OUTCOMES Article Open access 15 October 2022 THE

ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MATERNAL BMI AND GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN AND HEALTH OUTCOMES IN OFFSPRING AT AGE 1 AND 7 YEARS Article Open access 21 October 2021 OBESITY CAN OFFSET THE

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Scholar  Download references ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Supported by grants from American Heart Association (15GRNT24470029) and KCUMB and internal funds from East Carolina Univeristy. We would like

to thank the pregnant women for their participation. FUNDING This study was funded, in part, by the American Heart Association (AHA grant #15GRNT24470029) and by East Carolina University

(ECU) internal funds. This study was not supported by NIH, Wellcome Trust, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, or other external funds. AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Campbell

University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, NC, USA Erin Clark * Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University (ECU), Greenville, NC, USA Christy Isler, Diana

Strickland & Linda E May * Department of Physical Therapy, ECU, Greenville, NC, USA Amy Gross McMillan * Department of Biostatistics, ECU, Greenville, NC, USA Xiangming Fang * Department

of Pediatrics, ECU, Greenville, NC, USA Devon Kuehn & Srikanth Ravisankar * Department of Kinesiology, ECU, Greenville, NC, USA Cody Strom & Linda E May * Department of Foundational

Sciences and Research, ECU, Greenville, NC, USA Cody Strom & Linda E May Authors * Erin Clark View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar *

Christy Isler View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Diana Strickland View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed 

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this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Devon Kuehn View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Srikanth Ravisankar View author publications You can

also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Cody Strom View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Linda E May View author publications

You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to Linda E May. ETHICS DECLARATIONS CONFLICT OF INTEREST The authors declare that they have no

conflict of interest. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Clark, E., Isler, C., Strickland, D. _et al._ Influence of aerobic exercise on

maternal lipid levels and offspring morphometrics. _Int J Obes_ 43, 594–602 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-018-0258-z Download citation * Received: 10 December 2017 * Accepted: 14

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