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ABSTRACT From a political perspective, advancing green agendas in democracies requires obtaining electoral support for parties and candidates proposing green platforms. It is therefore

crucial to understand the factors driving green voting and attitudes. Yet, limited research has explored the role of economic determinants in this context. In this study we show that

globalization, through the distributional consequences of import competition, is an important determinant of support for parties proposing green platforms. Our analysis covers the United

States and 15 countries of Western Europe, over the period 2000–2019, with trade exposure measured at the level of subnational geographic areas. We find that higher trade exposure leads to

lower support for more environmentalist parties and to more sceptical attitudes about climate change. Our empirical findings are in line with the theoretical channel of deprioritization of

environmental concerns, as trade-induced economic distress raises the salience of economic issues. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content,

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institutional subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer support SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS CLIMATE CHANGE EXPERIENCES RAISE ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS AND PROMOTE GREEN VOTING

Article 07 February 2022 PARTY PREFERENCES FOR CLIMATE POLICY AND THE RENEWABLE ENERGY TRANSITION IN SPAIN’S MULTILEVEL DEMOCRACY Article Open access 31 October 2024 RULE OF LAW, CORRUPTION

AND TRANSPARENCY IMPACTS ON GREEN GROWTH OF EAST ASIAN ECONOMIES Article Open access 09 September 2024 DATA AVAILABILITY The data analysed in this study are available in the Harvard

Dataverse repository at the following link: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/T4ZAHS ref. 25. All data are publicly available with one exception: individual data from the Gallup Poll Social

Series. The Gallup-based replication database is shared upon request with researchers who have access to Gallup data. CODE AVAILABILITY The data analysis was carried out in Stata and R. The

codes that generate and visualize the results reported in this study are available in the Harvard Dataverse repository at the following link: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/T4ZAHS ref. 25.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to M. C. Attolini, Y. Filippone, P.-L. Mengel, G. Palladino, A. Pisa and Y. Stuka for excellent research assistance. We thank H.-G. Betz, J. Frieden, P.

Hall, P. Stanig, D. Tingley, F. Vona, and seminar participants at Paris School of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, University of Liverpool and at the ETSG Conference 2021 in Ghent, for

helpful comments and suggestions. AUTHOR INFORMATION Author notes * These authors contributed equally: Charlotte Bez, Valentina Bosetti, Italo Colantone, Maurizio Zanardi. AUTHORS AND

AFFILIATIONS * Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy Charlotte Bez * Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany Charlotte Bez * Bocconi University, Milan, Italy

Valentina Bosetti & Italo Colantone * RFF-CMCC European Institute of Economics and the Environment, Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Lecce, Italy Valentina Bosetti *

Baffi-Carefin Research Centre, Milan, Italy Italo Colantone * CESifo, Munich, Germany Italo Colantone * FEEM, Milan, Italy Italo Colantone * University of Surrey, Guildford, UK Maurizio

Zanardi Authors * Charlotte Bez View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Valentina Bosetti View author publications You can also search for this

author inPubMed Google Scholar * Italo Colantone View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Maurizio Zanardi View author publications You can

also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CONTRIBUTIONS The initial research idea stems from I.C. and M.Z. C.B. was mainly responsible for preparing the election data for Europe,

and the attitudes data for the United States and for Europe. M.Z. prepared the election data for the United States. I.C. and M.Z. prepared the trade exposure indicators. C.B., I.C. and M.Z.

wrote the code and carried out the regression analysis. C.B. produced the figures. C.B., I.C. and M.Z. produced the tables. V.B. gave conceptual guidance and supported the theoretical

framing and interpretation of the findings. I.C. wrote the original draft, and C.B., V.B. and M.Z. reviewed and edited the manuscript. CORRESPONDING AUTHORS Correspondence to Charlotte Bez

or Valentina Bosetti. ETHICS DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing interests. PEER REVIEW PEER REVIEW INFORMATION _Nature Climate Change_ thanks the anonymous

reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PUBLISHER’S NOTE Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published

maps and institutional affiliations. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary Tables 1–42 and Fig. 1. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a

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version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Bez, C., Bosetti, V.,

Colantone, I. _et al._ Exposure to international trade lowers green voting and worsens environmental attitudes. _Nat. Clim. Chang._ 13, 1131–1135 (2023).

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01789-z Download citation * Received: 19 March 2022 * Accepted: 02 August 2023 * Published: 14 September 2023 * Issue Date: October 2023 * DOI:

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