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ABSTRACT Due to the large chemical composition and bandgap tunability of both perovskite and organic semiconductors, perovskite/organic tandem solar cells are attractive for next-generation

thin-film photovoltaics. However, their efficiency is limited by the open-circuit voltage loss of wide-bandgap perovskite subcells and the non-ideal interconnecting layers. Here we report

that the passivation of nickel oxide hole-transporting layers with benzylphosphonic acid leads to the suppression of interfacial recombination, boosting the voltage up to 1.26 V in a

1.79-eV-bandgap perovskite subcell. Then, we develop an optimized interconnecting layer structure based on a 4-nm-thick sputtered indium zinc oxide layer inserted between organic

bathocuproine and molybdenum oxide with enhanced electrical properties and transmittance in the near-infrared region. Through these improvements, we achieve a maximum efficiency of 23.60%

(22.95% certified) in the perovskite/organic tandem solar cell. In addition, the tandem device retained 90% initial efficiency after 500 h maximum power point tracking under continuous one

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SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS MINIMIZED OPTICAL/ELECTRICAL ENERGY LOSS FOR 25.1% MONOLITHIC PEROVSKITE/ORGANIC TANDEM SOLAR CELLS Article Open access 19 February 2025

PEROVSKITE–ORGANIC TANDEM SOLAR CELLS WITH INDIUM OXIDE INTERCONNECT Article 13 April 2022 PEROVSKITE–ORGANIC TANDEM SOLAR CELLS Article 31 January 2024 DATA AVAILABILITY All data generated

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Electron Dev._ 39, 331–338 (1992). Article  Google Scholar  Download references ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos 61775091 and

U2001216); the Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality (no. JCYJ20180504165851864); the Shenzhen Key Laboratory Project (no. ZDSYS201602261933302); and the

Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen Innovation Committee (nos JCYJ20150529152146471 and JCYJ20170818141216288). A.B.D. acknowledges support from the Research Grants Council Collaborative

Research Fund grants C5037-18G and C7018-20G, Seed Funding for Strategic Interdisciplinary Research Scheme of the University of Hong Kong and Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation

Commission Projects no. JCYJ20170818141216288. Y. Hou acknowledges the support from the National University of Singapore Presidential Young Professorship (R-279-000-617-133 and

R-279-001-617-133). Seven of the authors of this paper are affiliated with the Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS), a research institute at the National University of

Singapore. SERIS is supported by the National University of Singapore, the National Research Foundation Singapore, the Energy Market Authority of Singapore and the Singapore Economic

Development Board. We thank the Materials Characterization and Preparation Center and the Pico Center of SUSTech for some characterizations in this work. AUTHOR INFORMATION Author notes *

These authors contributed equally: Wei Chen, Yudong Zhu. AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR Wei Chen, Xinshun Qin, 

Jingyang Lin, Yanling He & Aleksandra B. Djurišić * Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, PR China Wei Chen, Yudong

Zhu, Jingwei Xiu, Guocong Chen, Xugang Guo & Zhubing He * Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Wei Chen, Haoming

Liang, Shunchang Liu & Yi Hou * Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Wei Chen, Haoming Liang, Shunchang Liu, 

Hansong Xue, Erik Birgersson, Jian Wei Ho & Yi Hou * Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR Yudong Zhu, 

Ruijie Ma, Tao Liu & He Yan * Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Erik Birgersson * Department of Physics, Southern University of

Science and Technology, Shenzhen, PR China Jingyang Lin, Yanling He & Alan Man-Ching Ng Authors * Wei Chen View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google

Scholar * Yudong Zhu View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Jingwei Xiu View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed 

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author inPubMed Google Scholar * Shunchang Liu View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Hansong Xue View author publications You can also search

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author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Yanling He View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Alan

Man-Ching Ng View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Xugang Guo View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google

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author inPubMed Google Scholar CONTRIBUTIONS W.C., A.B.D. and Y. Hou conceived the idea and designed the experiments. Y. Hou, A.B.D. and Z.H. supervised the project. Y. Hou, A.B.D., W.C.,

H.L., H.Y., A.M.-C.N., X.G. and Z.H. composed and revised the paper. W.C. fabricated and characterized the perovskite and TSCs. Y.Z., J.L. and S.L. helped perform the related device

electrical characteristics and measurements. H.X. and E.B. performed the simulation and analysed the data. R.M. and T.L. helped to optimize the organic solar cells. Y.Z., J.X. and G.C.

finished the focused ion beam, STEM and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy characteristics and the IZO sputtering. J.L. helped perform the optical measurement, and Y. He

analysed the data. G.C. and J.X. performed the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UPS, photoluminescence and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements and data analysis. Y.Z.,

J.W.H. and X.Q. helped perform other related characterizations and measurements. All authors discussed and analysed the results. CORRESPONDING AUTHORS Correspondence to Zhubing He,

Aleksandra B. Djurišić or Yi Hou. ETHICS DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing interests. PEER REVIEW PEER REVIEW INFORMATION _Nature Energy_ thanks Kwanghee Lee

and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PUBLISHER’S NOTE Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to

jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary Figs. 1–28, Tables 1–7, Note 1 and refs. 1–29.

REPORTING SUMMARY SUPPLEMENTARY DATA Additional supplementary data for Supplementary Figs. 10a–d, 27 and 28. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS

ARTICLE Chen, W., Zhu, Y., Xiu, J. _et al._ Monolithic perovskite/organic tandem solar cells with 23.6% efficiency enabled by reduced voltage losses and optimized interconnecting layer. _Nat

Energy_ 7, 229–237 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-021-00966-8 Download citation * Received: 09 May 2021 * Accepted: 02 December 2021 * Published: 20 January 2022 * Issue Date: March

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