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ABSTRACT Liquid helium becomes a superfluid and flows with zero viscosity at low temperatures. Superfluidity is manifested by a failure to rotate, as its mass is decoupled from the rotation

of the containing cell. Supersolid helium should show similar behaviour; apparent rotational inertia decreases when the solid helium is set into torsional oscillation below 200 mK (refs 1,

2). However, a number of later experiments3,4,5,6,7 revealed characteristics unexpected within a conventional superfluid framework. Recent observations include hysteresis in the resonant

period8,9 and relaxation dynamics10. To account for the inconsistencies, there are various proposals that include superfluid grain boundaries11, glassy behaviour12,13, viscoelasticity14, a

vortex fluid15 and a superglass16. Here we systematically investigate the hysteresis and relaxation processes with a set of temperature and velocity sweeps. We unveil two hidden states

associated with pinning of low-temperature excitations and construct a new phase diagram. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We acknowledge support from the National Research Foundation of Korea through the Creative Research Initiatives. We also thank M. H. W. Chan, H. Kojima, A. C. Clark and the

members of the Center for Supersolid & Quantum Matter Research for their helpful discussions. AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Department of Physics and Center for

Supersolid & Quantum Matter Research, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea H. Choi, S. Kwon, D. Y. Kim & E. Kim Authors * H. Choi View author publications You can also search

for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * S. Kwon View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * D. Y. Kim View author publications You can also

search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * E. Kim View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CONTRIBUTIONS E.K. designed the project and

experiments. H.C. carried out most of the experimental work and data analysis. H.C. and E.K. wrote the manuscript. S.K. and D.Y.K. carried out parts of experimental work. CORRESPONDING

AUTHOR Correspondence to E. Kim. ETHICS DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

Supplementary Information (PDF 543 kb) RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Choi, H., Kwon, S., Kim, D. _et al._ Observation of hidden phases

in supersolid 4He. _Nature Phys_ 6, 424–427 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1630 Download citation * Received: 24 September 2009 * Accepted: 26 February 2010 * Published: 04 April 2010

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